The why's of the wing design
No no ...not a bi-plane!
All was done to keep the lines smooth and the weight low.
Burt Rutan already had the wings on paper. Two pair of
wings with nearly the same span. The front wings are pointing
downwards (anhedral is the right technical word). The rear wings
are pointing upwards (dihedral is the right word here).
Why two nearly identical wings?
Well, I guess that Mr. Rutan wanted to avoid a heavy wing.
So he choose two short wings. A short wing does not have to be
reinforced allover to prevent the wing from breaking. A short wing
can be made lighter. Just compare gliders with biplanes to
understand. The better performing loooong wings of a glider look
fragile. They are! They need special reinforcements to keep them in
one piece during flight. Biplanes are not so efficient with their
short wings, but they can be very light. OK, the stings between the
wings give extra support. But biplanes without designed without
those strings are light too. There is less chance for these short
wings to break in the air.
Why those up and down pointing wings?
Bob Walters, the designer of the Dragonfly, said to Jack
Lambie in Jacks book "Composite Construction for homebuilt
aircraft" (ISBN: 0-938716-26-3):
"No one has ever tested this idea in a wind
tunnel but keeping the wing tips separated may reduce the
interference drag."
With other words ... the front wings position would
interfere less with the performance of the rear wing if the wing
tips were not in the same horizontal line or even close.
Why those wheels in the wing tips?
Here you can see the genius inside Burt Rutan. If he
wanted to place a classic landing gear (two wheels in front and one
near the tail) to save weight, he still had to place two long legs
to prevent the wing tips from scraping the ground during ground
maneuvers. Mr. Rutan must have thought: "Hey, I already have two
long legs. The front wings!" OK, everybody can imagine that placing
wheels there would test the wings harder during landings. Those
front wings needed to be reinforced! Burt Rutan probably found out
that those reinforcements were less in weight than the otherwise
needed long legs.
So Burt Rutans design lost some weight AND preserved its
superb smooth lines.